Syrian Rebels Reveal Strategy Behind Assad’s Fall as HTS Emerges Victorious

 

Syrian rebels meticulously planned and executed the military campaign that led to the fall of President Bashar al-Assad's 54-year regime, according to revelations from Abu Hassan al-Hamwi, military commander of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). Speaking in his first media interview since the regime's collapse, al-Hamwi detailed the operation, codenamed "Deterring Aggression," which culminated in Assad fleeing the country on December 8, 2024.

Al-Hamwi disclosed that HTS, operating primarily in northwest Syria, collaborated with southern opposition forces to create a unified war room, overcoming years of fragmentation among rebel factions. “After losing significant territory in 2019, we recognized the need for unified leadership and disciplined forces,” he said. By merging with or neutralizing rival groups, HTS emerged as the dominant power in the northwest.

The operation to encircle Damascus from both the north and south was initiated after months of detailed preparation, including the development of a comprehensive military doctrine and the establishment of a robust drone unit. This effort allowed rebels to study regime tactics and adapt accordingly, transforming a disorganized insurgency into a formidable military force.

A pivotal element of HTS’s success was its innovative drone program. The group developed reconnaissance, attack, and suicide drones to maximize its limited resources. One such model, the Shahin drone, proved devastating during the operation, disabling key military vehicles and artillery positions.

“Precision and adaptability were critical,” said al-Hamwi, who credited the drone program with giving HTS a tactical edge against Assad’s forces, even as they received backing from Russia and Iran.

HTS launched its assault on November 29, swiftly capturing Aleppo, a city once held by the regime with fierce resistance from Hezbollah. The capture of Aleppo set the stage for a series of rapid victories, including Hama and Homs. Meanwhile, southern rebels, buoyed by the momentum in the north, launched their own offensive prematurely, reclaiming Daraa and advancing into Damascus ahead of HTS.

The coordinated rebellion overwhelmed regime forces, many of whom retreated as key international allies of Assad, including Russia and Iran, were preoccupied with other conflicts. By December 8, Assad had fled the country, marking the end of his decades-long rule.

As Syria transitions into a new era, al-Hamwi acknowledged the challenges of nation-building and addressing fears of sectarianism. "Minorities are part of Syria's fabric and have the right to live, practice their rituals, and receive services equally," he assured, emphasizing HTS’s commitment to unity.

A former agricultural engineer displaced by Assad’s regime, al-Hamwi expressed his intention to shift to a civilian role in the new government, focusing on rebuilding a nation ravaged by years of conflict.

The fall of Assad's regime represents a significant milestone in Syria’s history, signaling a potential new chapter of governance and reconciliation. As HTS and other opposition groups navigate the complexities of post-war reconstruction, the world watches to see if their promises of inclusivity and unity will be fulfilled.