UN Considers Removing Syrian Rebel Group HTS from Terrorist List if It Forms Inclusive Government

The United Nations has indicated that it may remove the Syrian rebel group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) from its designated list of terrorist organizations, provided the group meets a crucial test: forming an inclusive transitional government. Geir Pedersen, the UN's special envoy for Syria, emphasized that HTS must not govern Syria in the same manner it has ruled Idlib, the northern province where it was based and led the military movement that contributed to the fall of Bashar al-Assad's regime.

At a briefing in Geneva, Pedersen outlined the UN’s position, acknowledging the complexity of the situation. He noted that while HTS’s precursor, al-Nusra Front, was labeled a terrorist group under UN resolution 2254, the group’s actions over the past nine years have shown signs of cooperation and efforts toward unity, particularly in Hama and Aleppo. However, Pedersen stressed that for Syria to move forward, HTS must abandon its Islamist agenda and demonstrate commitment to a more inclusive and democratic governance model.

Pedersen also addressed the volatile situation in Syria, emphasizing that the country remains at a crossroads. He condemned Israel’s ongoing air and ground assaults within Syrian territory, especially around the Golan Heights, calling them a violation of the 1974 disengagement agreement between Israel and the UN. The special envoy urged Israel to cease these actions immediately, describing them as "extremely troubling."

Pedersen’s briefing to the UN Security Council highlighted the need for credible and inclusive transitional arrangements in Damascus, warning that without these measures, Syria risks descending back into conflict. He noted that while armed groups have expressed positive intentions, the real challenge lies in translating these commitments into practical, on-the-ground actions.

One of the key challenges facing Syria’s transition is the fragmentation of power, with various factions vying for influence. Pedersen also pointed out that external actors, including Turkey and Qatar, play a crucial role in preventing sectarian and ethnic tensions from escalating within the country. The UN’s focus remains on creating a cohesive and inclusive transitional body, ensuring representation for all Syrian communities.

Looking forward, Pedersen stressed the importance of establishing a transitional government that would lead to the lifting of sanctions, increased humanitarian aid, and the eventual return of refugees. He also underscored the need for justice to be served against those responsible for the atrocities committed by the old regime. However, the process of preparing elections and crafting a new constitution could take up to 18 months, leaving a window of opportunity for ethnic and sectarian divisions to deepen.

As the situation in Syria continues to evolve, the UN’s involvement and its ability to broker a peaceful, inclusive transition will be pivotal in determining the future of the country.