U.S. Military Buildup Near Venezuela Sparks Debate Over Purpose

The United States has deployed a significant military presence near Venezuela, prompting discussion over whether the buildup is aimed solely at counternarcotics operations.

Former U.S. Ambassador James Story, who led the Venezuela Affairs Unit from Bogotá between 2020 and 2023, told BBC Mundo that the scale of the deployment suggests options beyond maritime interdictions. “We have a very powerful force in the region,” Story said, noting that while an invasion force is not currently in place, the posture allows for potential strikes “inside or outside Venezuela.”

The buildup over the past two months includes warships, fighter jets, bombers, Marines, drones, and surveillance aircraft. Story cited analyses suggesting the naval presence is the largest U.S. Caribbean deployment since the 1990–91 Gulf War. The force package is estimated at 5,000 to 10,000 personnel, short of historical invasion levels but capable of a range of operations.

Story said the deployment could target traffickers in the region or key figures within the Venezuelan government. He highlighted the expected arrival of the USS Gerald R. Ford, which he said would further enhance U.S. power in the region.

The ambassador emphasized that the buildup reflects broader concerns about democratic backsliding, regional migration, and human rights. He noted potential targets could include clandestine airstrips south of Lake Maracaibo, routes linked to the Tren de Aragua criminal group, or networks associated with the so-called Cartel de los Soles, according to U.S. allegations.

Story rejected comparisons to Iraq, saying toppling Nicolás Maduro would not necessarily trigger a collapse and that most Venezuelans “want a way out,” with the main challenge being “re-institutionalizing the country.”

Other experts have voiced similar assessments. Latin America specialist Noel Maurer described the deployment of the USS Gerald R. Ford as an indicator that airstrikes could be imminent, though he suggested any action would likely be limited and symbolic rather than aimed at regime change. Former NATO commander Adm. James Stavridis told CNN he sees a “70%” chance of U.S. land strikes once the carrier is in position, with initial targets likely linked to drug trafficking.

U.S. forces have conducted Marine landing drills in Puerto Rico, and upgrades have been reported at the former Roosevelt Roads naval base and other facilities in Puerto Rico and St. Croix.